Framing rule



P. MARINO FRAMING RULE Nov. 8, 1949- 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 12,1946 STE INVENTOR. Pasyua/e flur/no T o rulssS Nov. 8, 1949 P. MARINOFRAMING RULE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 12, 1946 INVENTOR.

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'ATTOILNE Q5 latented Nov. 8, 1949 UNITED STATES. PATENT OFFICE FRAMINGRULE Pas uale Marine, Arlington, N. 3. Application July 12, 1946; SerialNor 683,122 7 Claims. (01. 83-98) This invention relates to rulesespecially adapted for use in the building construction line, and hasfor one of its objects the provision of such a rule which may be quicklyand easily used in a variety of different operations, as for instancethe gaging of angle or slant of roofs, the actual measurement of anyangularity and in the figuring of distances between certain points whoseangular deviations are known.

Another object of the invention is the provision of such a rule or scalecomprising a plurality of pivotally joined sections so arranged as topermit the pivotal movement of some of said sections relative to othersections so as to .bear different angular relations to said sections,the stationary sections having angle denoting positions and the movablesection having means for alining same with said angle denoting position.

A further object of the invention is the provision of preferably a sixfoot rule which may be formed into a tri-square of three equal sides andhaving two sections movable relative to the sides of the tri-square forassuming different angular positions relative to the said sides.

Still another object is to provide said rule with a movable centralsection which may be locked in predetermined position and provided withcertain data which when multiplied by half the building width will giverespectively the length of rafter or hypotenuse oi the triangle formedthereby, the hip or valley length and roof rise.

A still further object of the invention is the provision of such a ruleWhich may be used for laying out the vertical and horizontal cuts on thecommon rafter as well as the side out between the jack and hip rafters.

. .Another object of the invention is to produce a device of thecharacter described in which the maximum simplicity of construction andoper-- ation is secured.

Other objects and advantages will appear as the nature of theimprovements is better understood, the invention consisting of the novelarrangement and co relation of parts herein fully described; andillustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein similar referencecharacters are used to denote similar arts throughout the several views,and finally pointed out and specifl cally defined and indicated in theappended claims.

The disclosure made the basis of exemplifying the present inventiveconcept suggests a practical embodiment thereof, but the invention isnot to be restricted to the exact details of this disclosure, and thelatter, therefore, is to be understood from an illustrative rather thana restrictive standpoint.

In carrying out one form of the invention it Was iound advantageous toprovide a six foot ioldable rule and fold a portion thereof into anequilateral triangle having an angle gaging arm extending from the baseto which it is pivotally secured, and releasably securing a second armat the apex of the triangle pivotally mounted at the center of the baseof the triangle and extending beyond the apex, the two other legs of thetriangle forming a protractor with which both pivoted arms are adaptedto cooperate for gaging an angle, the central arm also havingtrigonometric or other standard data to aid in the computation of thelength of the unknown sides of a triangle formed by the angle gaging armwith one side of the main equilateral triangle.

in the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a side View in elevation of the folded rule showing thecentral arm in an angle gaging position;

Figure 2 is Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a similar view to Figure 1, but showi-i'ig the central armin fixed position and the lease arm moved into angle measuring or gagingposition;

Fig. 4 is a similar view to Figure 3, but showing a different method ofcalibration of the base and arms;

Figure 5 is a fragmental side elevation of one a view looking from thebottom of side of the triangle formed by the rule showing same asprovided with pitch calibrations; and

Figure 6 is'a perspective view of the rule in partly folded position.

Referring now to the drawings in detail, the numeral [0 indicates apreferably six foot long foldable rule composed of twelve six inchsections H joined together in the usual manner.

To adapt the rule for use in carrying out the objects of the presentinvention, it may be folded to form an equilateral triangle l2 havingsides l3 and I4 each comprising two rule sections I l. The

' sides l3 and 14 may be provided with a plurality of openings oreyelets t5 located on lines drawn through the center of the said sides.The sides It and I4 are joined together by the base H3 or the trianglel2. The said base has two parallel sections H at the left of the centerl8 and a single section Is at the right of said center, a two sectionextension or arm 20 extends to the left of the base of the triangle anda three section arm 2! is pivotally secured to the base H5 at its center[8. The arm 2| may be held perpendicular to the base It by means of abolt and nut arrangement 22 at the apex of the triangle, as for example,by'inserting bolt 22 through hole 22a of arm 2| so that said bolt holdstogether said arm 2| and sides I3 and M of the triangle. There are foursuch bolt and nut arrangements, one at the center of the base and one ateach apex or hatersection of the triangle, the bolt portion of thecombination passes through the usual tubular joint member 27 between therule sections.

In Figure 1, th arm 2| is shown as disconnected from the bolt and nutarrangement 22 at the apex of the triangle and is free to be swung aboutits pivot at IS in order to measure or gage an angle which the centerline of said arm makes with any of the bushings or openings IS in thesides l3 and l of the triangle. The said openings l5 form protractorgraduations which may be spaced at intervals of five degrees, thegraduations on the right side running from zero to ninety while those onthe left run from ninety. to one hundred and eighty. A pin not shown maybe passed through two alined bushings or openings l5 to maintain the arm2|] in any desired Dosition.

In Figure 3, the rule is shown with the arm 2| held at a right angle tothe base I6 and provided with numbers N, these numbers being preferablyconstants used in the building construction line such as, for instance,the top line is a constant which when multiplied by half the length ofthe building gives the length of the common rafter or hypotenuse, thesecond line number when so multiplied gives the length of the hip orvalley rafter and the last line the rise of the roof. When using the arm29 it may be provided with openings or bushings I5 for cooperation withthe openings or bushings I5. The protractor reading for any specificangle measured by the arm 20 is one-half of the angle at the same pointon the arm I4 measured by the arm 2|, and is read by the inner numbers Non the side or leg I4 of the triangle.

The constants N are given for each unit of rise on the vertical arm 2|and when the center line of same is crossed by the center line of thearm 20 at any given unit, the proper set of figures is obtained forcomputing the rafter lengths, etc.

In the form of the invention shown in Figures 1 to 3 the rule is dividedinto inches and fractions of inches, however, in the form shown inFigure 4 each six inch length, especially those comprising the base, andarms 2| and 20 are divided into ten parts. In this manner a directreading in inches, centimeters, feet, etc. can be obtained dependingupon which of the systems are being used.

There is also shown in Figure 4 that the leg or side l3 of the triangleis provided with two sets of markings 23 and 24, respectively, theformer being the degrees and the latter the number of sides, thus byalining the arm 2| with any of the bushings on the leg or side l3 thenumber of sides of a polygon and the degrees between the sides arereadily determined. Only a few of such markings are shown on the leg l3due to the lack of space caused by the scale to which the drawing ismade. The upper end of the arm 2| is shown in Figure 4 as having asecond set of calibrations 25. These calibrations are used in laying outthe line for the side out along the jacks for any desired pitch.

In Figure 5, the fragment of the side I4 is there shown as beingprovided with fractional indicia 26. This indicia denotes the pitch ofthe roof. Pitches vary from what may be termed a full pitch to a smallfractional pitch. The pitch is said to be a full pitch when the rise ofthe roof is equal to the full width of the building and halfpitch whenequal to half the width of the building. Thus, on the scale of thepresent invention, if the center line of the arm 20 subtends a distanceequal to one-half the base of the right angle triangle, then the pitchdenoted will be one-quarter pitch, if a full scale section or baselength then it will denote one-half pitch, etc.

It is apparent that with the rule of the present invention, reasonablyaccurate estimates as to the amount of lumber necessary may be madewithout any special computation, and that the angular slope or length ofrafters may be accurately and readily obtained, either by a directreading or by computation made possible by the constants.

' It will readily be seen that the rule may be used for accuratelylocating lines for both the horizontal and vertical cuts of rafters forany pitch roofs. If, for instance, the slope of the roof is representedby the arm 20 in Figure 3, then by placing the edge of the base l6parallel to the side edge of a rafter and by marking a line at thebottom end of said rafter along the edge of the arm 20 the horizontalcut on the rafter is determined. Likewise by usingthe vertical armagainst the rafter and marking a line at the opposite end of the raftersalong an edge of the arm 20 the vertical cut is determined.

What is claimed is:

1. A foldab-le rule comprising a number of consecutive pivotallyconnected fiat sections, some of the said sections being folded to forman equilateral triangle, an arm pivotally mounted intermediate the endsof one side of the triangle forming the base thereof, means at the apexof the triangle for releasably securing the said arm perpendicular tothe said base, and an angle gaging arm pivotally mounted at theintersection of the said base and one of the other sides of the triangleand swingable towards the third side of the triangle for the purposespecified.

2. A device according to claim 1, wherein the angle gaging arm and thethird side of the triangle have co-operating angle indicating means atvarious positions.

3. A device according to claim 1, wherein the angle gaging arm and thethird side of the triangle have co-operating angle indicating means atvarious positions, and the perpendicular arm, base, and angle gaging armare identically calibrated for the purpose specified.

4. A device according to claim 1, wherein the base and arm pivotedintermediate the ends of said base are calibrated at like predeterminedpoints, thearm being provided with sets of numerical constants at eachcalibration each constant of which when multiplied by the distancebetween the pivot point and one end of the base will be equal to anunknown factor sought.

5. A device according to claim 1, wherein the base and arm pivotedintermediate the ends of said base are calibrated at like predeterminedpoints, the arm, being provided with sets of numerical constants at eachcalibration each constant of which when multiplied by the distancebetween the pivot point and one end of the base will be equal to anunknown factor sought, said factors being respectively the hypotenuse ofsubdivided into ten equal parts.

PASQUALE MARINO.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 116,163 Crupper June 20, 18711,029,774 Taintor June 18, 1918 1,707,586 Vieta Apr. 2, 1929 1,849,128Wood Mar. 15, 1932

